Tunneling or excavating machine.



0. 0. APP. l TUNNELING 0R EXCAVATING MACHINE.

NN Q o. 0.,APP. TUNNELING 0R EXCAVATINI MACHINE.

I APPLICATION FILED SEPT. ID. I9I0. Y f A y 1,219,419. Patented Mar.20,1917. y V

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' 0. 0. APP.

TUNNELNG 0R EXCAVATING `MAIINL'.`

APPLICATlN FILED SEPT. ro, 1910.

Patented Malz 20, 1917. I

v 0. 0. APP.

TUNNELING QR EXCAVATING MACHINE.

APPucATlou FILED SEPT. 1o. 19m.

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0. 0. APP.

TUNNELING 0R EXCAVATING M\CH|NE.

APPLICATmN'HLED sEPTl 1o. 1910.

Patented Mm'. 20, 1917.

s SHEETS-SHEET 5 Y TUNNELING 0R EXCAVATING MACHINE.

. APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 1Uvl9l0. 1,21 9,419. .Patented Mr.20,1917.

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\ 'UNITED sTATEs PATENT onirica.

OLIV-ER 0. APIE', 0F NEW YORK, N.

Application filed September 10, 1910.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, Omvnii O. Arr, a citi.- zen of the United States,residing at the city of New' York, in the borough of Manhattan and Stateof New York, have invented ceitain new and' useful Improvements in Tunnneliiig or Excavating Machines, of' which the following is a full,clear, and exact dcsci'iption.

This invention relates to tunneling ma chinos and'has for its object theprovision of .apparatus for driving tunnels or sinking shafts with amaximum 'of e'flicieney and with a. ininiiiiuni expenditure of power andwear on the tools. l have devised a mechanisrii in which, if so desired,all of the tools employed may be ,driven at substantially the saine rateof cutting speed and in which each of the respective tools is subjectedto substantially.I the saine amount Vof Wear. F urthermore, the partsare so arranged lthat certain of the tools may be broken orotherwisc'uiitted to perform their function without materially impairingthe actionof the apparatus; indeed by reason of the novel arrangement ofparts hereinafter set forth, it is possible to cut a tunnel with but asingle tool, suoli tool being adapted to be passed successively overevery portion of a given y area. Other objects of my invention will behereinafter set forth and more particularly pointed out in the appendedclaims.

Iii the drawings which form a part hereof: Figiircl is a vertical axialsection taken through one forni of my tunneling apparatus; Y Fig. 2 isatransverse section taken on line II-II of Fig. 1; y

Fig. 3 is a similar section taken on the line 40, III-III of Fig.` 1;:

Fig. 4 is a transverse section taken on line a portion of the equalizer,IV-IV of Fig. l

therein shownl being broken away in order to Shopvv the air channelstherein; the heads in this instance lbeingboth equipped with fluidpressure operated tools;

Fig. 5 shows a modified form ofmy tunbeng a section of such apnelingapparatus; y paratus corresponding t'o that shown in a modified form ofmechanism` for suppoiting the planetary driven tunneling heads; thisparticular embodinientV of my inve' tion illustrating means forSpecification of Letters Patent.

Pat ented Mar. 20, 191.7.

Serial No. 581,3 i0.

regulating or adjusting `the'distance between the centers of suoliheads.;

F ig. 7 is a fragnentary side elevation of the mechanism illustrated inFig. 6;

Fig is another modification illustrating dillereut means foraecmnplishing the 'sepa ration of the' plane Lary driven heads; and Fig.9 is an 'end elevation of an apparatus embodying the principles of myinvention; showing the application o to the cutting or tinneling heads;

Figs. 10 and 11 are details showing the valve-chest in. secti in.

Referring novv to the form of device illustinted in Fig. 1, vc willconsider the rew spective features of the mechanism, therein shown insequence.

Flam taf/y drive.

The means by which I accomplish the movement of the tc ols, hereinbeforereferred to, essentiallyy comprises a plurality of rotin table headswhich are so mounted that in addition to their individual rotation about4their respective aies, they may further be revolved about a (ommenaxis, W be that of the geieral mechanism. In the particular einbodirient ofimy inventionherein shown, a hollow main shaft 1 carries thereona gear 2 u hicli ,is positionedLfor engageiiient with a iinion 3` whichis driven by a suitable mot( i' 4. or otherwise seeui'( d to the shaftand is inevahle longitiulinalljr with respect to the. axis of the pinion3, tlie face of .such pinion being of suilici'ent width to permitofcoiisiderable movement of the gear tliei'eover, while hicli may t f amuck-shield The gear 2 is keyed being maintained in engagementtl'iereivitli.

The motor 4 is sui :ably housed in a casing 5, a portion of which casingis secured to, and in this instance firms, an integral part of acylinder 6. VIhirs cylinder is disposed around and is i lnefe'iablyconcentric with, the shaft 1,'aiid has therein a piston which is fixedlysecured '.o a second hollow shaft S,

orii ,ing la. sleeve therefor. The

and virtu-.illy f forward end o head 9 from the f ront a cylindric astuffing b able gland 11 beii extremity of this cylinder:y 6 iscorrespon face of which -projects f the cylinder isclosed by a alextension 10 which constitutes ox for the hollow shaft 8; a suitgprovided at the forward box. The rear end of the dingly closed by a thisshaft beingdisposed around ,the first ,m0 A

Aner to the casin head 13, a downwardl extending portion of which may besecure in any suitable man- 5. This head is also rovided with a stu ngbox, the gland of w ich has been desi nated 14. The hollow shaft 8 isadapted to e reciprocated by the piston 7 and may be also adapted forrotation. The forward end of this shaft carries a gear 15 which Vissecured thereto in any suitable manner. This extremity of the shaft 8also has revolubly mountedthereon directly to the rear of gear 15, oneside or section of a. bracket or tunneling head support 16. This supportpreferably consists of two principal sections, one of which is mountedupon the extremity of the sliaft'8 in the manner. above described, andthe other of which is keyed to the forward extremity of theshaft 1. Thegear 15 and a, collar 17 on shaft 8 prevent longitudinal displacement ofthe support. The respective sections of the support or bracket aresecured together by the connecting parts 18 and the sections havejournaled .in preferably. diametrically opposite portions thereof thehollow spindles 1f), each of which carries a pinion 20 which is disposedfor engagement with the gear 15. be observed that the face of the gear15 is relatively somewhat widerthan the. faces 'of the pinions 20, so asto permit of lateral displacement of said pilnions with respect to saidgears, for reasons hereinafter set-forth. The shaft 8 is prevented fromforward end- -wise movement with respect to-shaft 1 by a collar 21 whilethe rear end of the shaft 8 correspondingly' bears against the hub ofthe gear 2. As the forward section of thc head support 1.6 is keyed tothe shaft 1, when the latter is rotated by the gear 2, the sup-- portwill be correspondingly rotated, and as the gear 15 may be heldstationary, or coinpai'ativelyso, the pinions 20, by reason. of theirengagement therewith. rotate the. spindles 19 and therebythetool-carrying tlmneling heads .22, which aie carried upon the forwardextremities of these lspindles, and hence may properly be said to. beplanetary driven. y v

It is obvious, of course, that the relative speeds of'rotation of theheads with Irespect to the driving shaft 1, may be varied by variouslyrotating, or permitting the rotation of, the shaft S. If this shaft bepermitted to freely revolve at the saine speed as that of shaft 1. theheads would cease to tin-n inL dividually; but would still continue torotate around the axis of shaft 1; while if the rotation of shaft 8 beretarded, the `rotation of the heads 22 about their own axes will becorrespondingly accelerated. In other words the speed and direction ofrotation of the respective shafts determines the relative directionoirotation and speeds of thelieads and support..

The particular arrangement of. mechanism employed in this embodiment ofm iiir'ven'f tion for obtaining these differentia speeds will behereinafter described.

Supporting devices.

I shall next consider the centering or sup,- porting devices whereby thetools areproperly positioned in the shafts and held to their work. Thecylindrical extension 10 is journaled in a hollow block or annulus 30which is shown in cross section in Fig. 3. This block is provided onopposite sides thereof with trunnions 31, which in turn are journaled at32 in the octagonal frame 33. This frame in turn carries a. air oftrimnions 34 which are disposed s u 'stantially at right angles to thosefirst mentioned, and an outer or supporting frame 35 is mounted uponthese trunnions. This construction virtually provides a universal joint,so that the axis of the machine may be swung 'in any direction withrespect tothe fra-nie 35, within certain limits. The outerframecarries aplurality of jacks 36, the lconstruction of which will be hereinaftermore particula rly set forth. l

The rear end of shaft l has somewhat correspondingly mounted thereon' ablock ol.' frame 37 suitable ball-bearings 38 being provided to permitfree rotation of the driv.- ing shaft within its supporting block, theballs being. held in positionby rings 39; and the outer sides of theserings in turn bearing against the collars 40 and 4l which are secured toshaft ,l in any suitable manner. Block 37 has'been shown in endelevation and partial section in Fig. 2 and carries the rear jacks 4 2.These jacks are substanupon its outer face for a considerable dis-,v

tance for engagement with a nut 46; and

each'nut is provided with an annular groove or recess 47 which isadaptedfor engagement with 'a pair of semicircular plates 48; these platesbeing secured to the frame 37 by screws 49, or in any other suitablemanner'.

It is obvious that when a nut 4() is turned, its

corresponding stud 45 will be moved into or out of the frame 37,according to the direction 'of rotation of said nut. The outerextremities of the studs are Hattened on op`V posite sides thereof toafford seats for the hubs of rollers 50; these rollers. being mountedupon pins51 which extendout lat.- erally from the flattened portions ofthe studs. '.lhesc rollers are tapered 'and rounded slightly so as to'permit themto conform to the sides of the tunnel and by iso Il l.)

means of the nuts 46 the said rollers can be driven outwardly intoengagement with the walls of the tunnel andthereby center the axis ofthe machine. ,ln the interior of each stud 45 is an h draulic piston orplunger 51 which is keye againstrotation by the key 52 which rides in aslot 53. The outer extremity of each of these plungers carries a shoe 54which ispreferably made removable so that it may be replaced when worn.This i.:onstruction constitutes an inner and fluid- `,liressure o`erated jack; any suitable fluid luing admitted behind the piston throughp the orifice 55. The fluid pressure system will,

ilater descrilieiil, but it is obvious that when uid is introduced underpressure back of the plungers 51, the same will be driven outwiu'dly,firmly enga ing the walls of the tunnel and locking t e particular frameto 'w ich they are attached in position. In operation, assuming that theforward plunare under pressure` and that the universally jointed frame35 is thereby firmly positioned; ressure may be applied to the r face opiston 7 which will urge the shaft 8, and thereby the support 16 andheads Q2, forwardly; the shaft 1 also being pulliind forwardly by reasonof the ,engagenient of the forward extremity of shaft 8 with collar 21.As the heads work their way into the rock or other material throughwhich the tunnel is being driven, the frame C'li' willbe correspondingly`pulled along by the shaft 1 and the rollers of the rear jacks i willguide this` advance along the proper line.

lfit should be here observed that it is posulle to change the directionof the cut by nei-ly' adjusting the nuts L16. For examframe 3T lbethrown outwardly, and the lower spindles correspondingly inward, theaxis o'l shaft 1 will be obliquely disposed with. rcspcctto the axisofthat section of the i tunnel which has already been cut, so that iilieheads will thereafter cut into ythe rock ubliquely'. `,This constitutesa very important feature of my invention.

Assuiningnow that the piston 7 has traversed its stroke, the rearjackplungers will be driven into engagen'ient with the tunnel walls andthe forward plungers will be retracted, by respectively (mening andclosing the. cocks hereinafter referred to which con- This constructionpermits of substantially continuous operation it is not necessary tostop thetools at any time, since by reversing the direction of travel ofthe piston l. ile, if the two upper spindles 45 of the 'whilecorrespondingly changing the `sets of Tool-hoh ling heads.

The heads 22 carr the toolsx60 which may be of any suitable f scription,such, for example, as fluid pressi ireoperated tools, electric or springtools, aero-electric tools.` or they may even lie iionrevoluble straightsteel bars, which constitute cutting,r tools. Furthermore it is ol viousthat the tools iii the respective heads may be dilferei'it in character.Thus, fo' example, I may have pneufniatically-operat ed tools, such aschisels, carried on one head, and steel cutting'bars carried by theother head, as shown in Fig. 5. This arrangement is of particularutility in driving through certain formations, c., shale or schist; thesaale being dislodged in flakes by the actioli of the chipping tool andsuch flakes being then broken Vor ground up by the acti-on of thecutting tools carried by the other head. llie particular embodiii'ientof my inveiitiin herein shown parrics but two heads, but i; is withinthe scope of my invention to have either a single head or any desirednumbeip,

Egualiz ing aie/vice.`

Referring again to Fig. l, the spindles 19 have collars 61 secured `totheir forward ends, to the rear of lhe cutting heads; these 100 Ymountedcollar 61. The construction of the 105 collars 61 is bestshown in Fig.4, said eollars being interiorli` grooved as at -64 and each of thespindles )eiiigprovided with one or more ducts 65 w iich affordcommunication between thc intrrior of the hollow spin- 110 dles andgrooves G1. `'l`he collars (l1 are pro`- vided with trunnionu 6G whichare journaled in the respective ext :'einities of the equalizer bars 67these bars 1n turn being pivoted upon trunnions (58 w nich arepositioned upon '115 the respective sides of a block69-whicli issecurely carried upin `tlic forward extremity of the shaft 1. Cppositely disposed ducts 7() extend outwardly through the sides `ofblock 69 and throughvthe trunnionsthereof, 120

a little toone `side i fthe axis of such trun- "nioi'is, and communicatewith corresponding ducts 71 which extend through the length of theequalizer bars aiid each of the collars G1 correspcndingly"providedwitli 125 ducts or conduits 72, so that communication isafforded through` the respective grooves and ducts with the nterior ofshaftA 1.` ir" or other suitable fh id is thus delivered urider pressureto the interior-of thespiwidles 13? 19 tnrough tHe-"hollow shaft 1 andis thence conducted through the small ipes 73 to fluid pressure operatedtools. y he supportig structure for the heads above described permitstheparts to nicely adjust themselves to the varying conditions of the Work.

Normally, of course, the equalizing device provides means for equalizingthe strain upon the tools, since when, for example, .at a given instantmore or less rock is encountered in the upper half of the bore and muckin the lower half thereof, the equalizing device permits the heads andconsequently the tools to adjust themselves to the conditions andequalize the strain thereupon. lhen the condition of the Work rendersthe equalizingaction lindesirablc, the spindles 19 ma be locked againstlon itudinal movement ll, means of the collars 4 which may beslipped-over their respective spindles 19 into engagement withthesupport 16, and locked in suchposition on said spindles. The collars 74serve a further function in that by shiftingthei-r positions along therespective spindles while, maintaining both collars in contact with theinner face of the support 16,- it becomes possible to dispose o'ne ofthe heads in a. forward or cutting posi- V.tion while th other iscorrespondingly retr'acted. Thus if one head be provided with chippingtoolswhile the. other is equipped with cutting tools, either or bothsets of tools may be usedV as found necessary.

The heads may be' mounted u on the extremities of the spindles I9 bybeing screwed A thereupon or in any other suitable manner and the rearextremities of each of these spindles carries a cap 75 which closes theend thereof.

Regulating mechanism.

The regulating mechanism used in the embodiment of my invention shown inFig. 1, comprises a band-brake 80- and a coperating pulley 81 therefor,provides means for .regulating the travel or slippage of 'the shaft 8.KThis pulley may be intefgral with the rear extremity of said sha and isgrooved upon its cripher for the reception of the brakeand. his bra-keis in some respects of the usual construction, beprovided with atightening member 82 i v(slg'iown in Fig. 2) which is secured to arock-shaft 83 which is mounted 1n a lug 84, said lug extending outlaterally from the l block or`frame 37. The rear extremity-of the rockshaft carries an operating level-"8.5, preferably clamped thereto, so asto permit of relative adjustment therebetween. The middle of this lever,which preferably extends some. distance beyond the axis of the machine,bears against a cam S6 carried on shaft 1; so that the rock shaft willoscillated one or more times, according to the formation of the cam,during each revolution of shaft 1. y Y

Assuming now that but a single depression 81 has been formed in the camsurface, it'is evident that the outer cam surface when in engagementwith the. lever, will normally tend to tauten the band-brake and lockthe shaft 8 against rotation; but when the lever encounters thedepression 87,l the tension of the band-brake will be relieved. The gear15 will then be no longer able tc drive the pinions 20 at the speed atwhich' they had previouslybeen driven and will in turn, under the actionof the said pinions,

'lov

he rotated more or less rapidly, according hen-ce affords means forregulating the relativespeed of the heads and also effects thedisplacement of the tools carried thereby from the paths in which theywould otherwise have continually traveled. This arrangement therefor(laffords means for causing each tool to traverse every point upon theSurface to be cut, so that all of the tools are bound to wear equally.

In addition to being automatically controll'ed the band-brake may becontrolled `manually by the operator by means of the lever 85' byproperly adjusting it with resp'ect to the rock shaft. This samead'ustment obviously also affords means for `determining the brakepressure to be exerted upon pulley 81.

Fluid-pressure' controlling appliances.

Referring now more particularly to Figs. 10 and 11, upon the upperportion of the cylinder 6 is seated a chest 95I in which are positionedthe valves for controllin the respective plan-gers 51 and the pistonFive small handles 96 are positioned on each side of this chest, four ofsuch handles serving t0 control the respective plungers upon the forwardframe, while 'four upon the other side of the chest correspondinglycontrol the lplungers carried by the rear frame; the remaining handleupon each side serving, re-

specthely, to control the admission of fluid to one or the other sidesof piston. 7. A

suitable pump 97 is provided for delivering the fluid pressure throughthe respective pipes to the several jacks. this pump being driven bya.motor 98. The pipes 99 which extend rearwardly from the chest towardjoint which may being feathered upon the fram'e 37, may be Viexible toallow for the approach of said frame toward the front of the machine orother suitable arrangements may be provlded, such as flexibly connectedpipe sections or the like.

lluck-oooeycr. Auv suitable muck-conveyor may be provided iu connectionwith the apparatus and in this embodiment of my .invention I have showna drag convcyer 100 which is pro- 'vided with a .series of buckets orlike devices, the oonveyer' passing successively around the head'pulley101, 'the rear pulley 102 and idler 103. The rear pulley is driven byine-ans of a suitable sprocket secured tothe saine shaft as the pulleywhich is driven by the chain 101; said chain being in turn driven fromthe sprocket 105 which is carried by the shaft 106; this shaft beingdriven by the worlx'i-wheel 107 and worin 10S. A suitable motori-00 maybe'provided 'for d rivine this worm.`

llmov" con fmf't'irms.

It is desirable to supply water under pressure, delivering the saineagainst the face of the work and hence a water pi pe. `110 is disposedalong the axis of shaft 1. the. forward extremity of this pipe beingscrewed firmly into enga gement with the center of the block 4(S). asshown inthe similar arrangement illustratori in Fig. 5, cha nnels beingprovided through this'y block adjacent to ducts 70, substantiallyparallel thereto, but directly alongthe axis of the trunnions 08. TheeX- tremity of each of these trunnions has screwed thereon a suitableconnection 111 whereby i rater may be delivered to theperforated spraypipes 112 in the manner shown in Fig. 4. As the pipe 110 is rotated byreason of its engagement with the block 69, it is necessary toprovide asuitable slip-joint whereby said pipe may be connected to the stationarywater supply pipe 113. spondinglir the extremity of shaft 1 is joined toa stationary pipe 111 by a slipbe of anysu-itable construction such asthat indicated in Fig. 1, joints of thischaracterbeing quite common.

Modification, illustrated in Fg. f

In the modification shown in Fig. 5, the lnain shaft 120 is directlydriven by a` motor 121 through the instrumentality of a worm 122 andworin-wheel 123; worm-'wheel i225 the shaft 120 so as to iermitlongitudinal movement of the said shaft therethro1.1gh. The motor iscarried upon a suitable platform 12-1 wl'lieh sup: ported at its rearend by `the bracket 12a, which is journaled around the shaftl, and bythe forward bracket 126 which is secured to the cylinder 127. Thiscylinder 1s disany stoppage l sharpening Corre posed concentricallyabout the axis ofshaft 120 and carries a piston 128, whichin this 4formof device is preferably provided with piston rings 129 or the like;thepiston 128 being secured direc ,ly to the shaft 120. The cylinder 127is supjiorted by trunnions (not shown) which are journaled in the frame128'; this frame in turn being pivotally connected to the outer frame129 by trunnions 130. The trunnions for supporting the cylinder 127 aresimilar in construction to the trunnions 31 utilized-to support'theannulus or hollow block 30, as shown in Fig. 3. This method ofconnecting the cylinder to the outer or jack-frame provides 9,'substantially similar universal joint construction to that utilized inthe fori i of device shown in Fig.

1. The heads 131 and 132 are mounted 1n ping tools 133, w iilethc head132 is provided with fixod cl tting barslll. It may be. i

latter form of tools that this mechanism is adapted to be continuouslyoperated without necessitating the reof for the purpose of tools (f thisdescription, since it is obvious that as the cutting about the noted inconnection with the round ritil. the tt ol-becomes too dull 'toeffectuall)7 abrade The surface of the rock or otherxnaterial againstwhich it is being operated; but by mirely reversing the motor, the headswill bo correspondingly rotated in reverse direction which will causethe opposite face of each `of these tools to be brought into actionandthe tool will then be self-sharp ening. In its general aetion the'modification illustrated in Fig. 5 isvery similar to that hereinbeforedescribed,Y the prim ipal differences being the method of driving themain sha-ft, and the manner of mounting which corresponds to the gear 15inthe former device is, in this instance, held stationary at all timesb3' reason of its being secured directly to the cylindrical extension136 which forms a part of the forni-ard head of the cylinder. W `ien theshaft 120 driven forwardly, the spindles 137, which herein are somewhatlonger than those above mentioned, are urged downwardly through thesupport 138, the pinions 139 slipplng thereover. These pini ons,however, are feathered to the said spindles so that the latter will toolis rotated axis of the supporting spindle, the forward edge ther sofwill gradually be worn the Cylinder, di- 4rectly Wit-hin the miversaljoint frames; land it Will be noted tl at in this caseI the gear 135rotate no matter in what position the heads' may be.

" 35 dlgs 14s, bein 50 wm be; dis

6 and 7 Ihave illustrated means .by whic the tool-carryi heads'140 maybe 6 swung outwardlyfrom t e axis of the ma-. much,

. chine, 'thus enabling a. tunnel of greater 'diameter to be driven thanwould be possiblenf with the same size of head were they Supplorted inthe manner above de- 1 scribed. he heads 140 are mounted upon spindles141 whichare journaledin the res ctive outer extremities of the arms142, t e `inner. extremities of said arms bein [corresponding'ly pivotedto s indles 143. hese latter spindles are carri u von a cross-head 144whlch, is in turn revolu lv mounted on the extremity .of the main shaft,in this case numbered 145. The relative o sitions of the arms 142'isdetermined by te screws 146;

A the hea-ds of theS0`SQIeWS being revolubly held in sockets 147 whichare pivoted upon either side of the hubof the cross-head. Thepivoted'nuts 148 are correspondingly mounted, adjacent the outerextremities of the arms 142 so that when a turnin pin is inserted intothe holes 149 provid in the extremity of each of the screws 146,thesaid,

N,screws may be rotated vclockwise o r'counterclockwise and cause thesaid bars to swing inwardly or outwardly as desired. The heads in thisinstance are a ain planetary driven, the gear 150, being a xed,relatively fixed or intermittently movable gear; the pinions 151 whichare carried upon the spin- Ydisposed in engagement with said gear, an inturn driving the gears 152. These latter gears in turn mtermesh with theintermediate gears 153 which drive the gears 154, these lattergear-wheels being se- 40 cured to spindles 141 andl thereby serving torotate the heads. By reason of the'respective trains of gears it isVhence possible to continuously drive the heads, no matter in whatposition they ma be disposed. This construction also rmi one ofthe headsto be Screwed inwar ly until its periphery substantially contacts withthelv axis of the 'machine; while the other may be screwed outwardly tosuch an extent that its periphery osed ata distance from the axis of themac ine substantially equal to the diameter of the other head. The headswill thus be non-symmetrically dis osed, but will' nevertheless beadapted to e ciently cut a tunnel of large diameter.

'Modycaton of estensz'be wd mechanism.

heads in the manner' above described. In

this instance, however, the heads will in all cases besymmetrically-disposed and the cen.-

ters thereof will be at all times in alinement with each other and withthe principal 'axis l of the machine. The arrangement here' ein` -latterfour are provided in all; the inner `one alone willsuiceto accomplishthe ex- .traverse the same tunnel with the heads in ployed embodies, ina way, a lazy-ton s construction. The heads 160 are carrle upon spindleswhich extend through the outer exA tremities of the bars or links 161,of which extremities of these bars being connected to lthe cross-heads162; and thiscross-head is in turn pivotally carried upon the extremityof the main shaft 163. The pivotally mounted nuts 164 are carried uponthe outer extremities of each of the arms of the respective crossheadsand right and left-hand threaded bolts 165 pass through the bodies ofthese lnuts in the manner shown in Fig. 8. A single boltA has thereinbeen shown, since tension of the heads in the manner described. When thenuts 164 are screwed inwardlyY upon this bolt, the heads 'arecorrespondingly forced apart by reason of thc toggle'saction of thelinks and cross-heads. In this form of constructionv an intermediategear in -the train may be omitted; thc gears 165, 166,

which drive the heads, being .driven directly by the gears 167; thelatter being driven by f.. the pinions 168 which are always inengagek.ment Awith the central or relatively stationary gear 169.' Thedotted lines in Fig. 8 indicate the position-of the heads when outwardlyextended and show the relative sizes of tunnels which would be cut bythe heads when inwardly or outwardly positioned. By using this type ofhead it is 'possible to first drive a small tunnel ofthe diameterindictated by the solid line 170 and thereafter extended position toenlarge the diameter thereof to that indicated by the dotted lines Iyuckjghield. 10 5 Fig. 9 illustrates a device, which may beadvantageously used in connection with the planetary driven' heads,which censite-vhf' a Shield 180 which iS- preferably (liSpO'kglSu 113.

that its front face is substantially\ilush withl the front face of thetool-carrying heads 181 and 182, and these heads. hence vextend throughapertures 183, 184,.'in thev shield.

Theshield is carried 'byrsuitable arms' 185 115.

which extend laterally out'from the equalizer block 186.4 This shield isprovided for the p'ur ose of retaining fragments .of rock and so t'muckwhich will'be looscned'by the tools in front of the heads; theaccumulated' debris being thereafter collected from below the shield inany suitable manner.

' Such ashield is of utility where a tunnel is being .driven throughrelatively soft material and particularly adapts the tunneling apparatusfor caisson wor Rsum.

.In general it may be stated that the planetary rive may be of anysuitabledescrip` 1z0 the otherof said parts.

tion, and in the accompanying claims this term will be understood toinclude not alone head aud rotating the cutting or tunneling heads, andby elevating or lowering the forv ward end of the machine; and it isobvious, further, that additional auxiliary heads may be provided,if'desired.

1n machines constructed in accordance with the principles of myinvention the' cutting speed of the tools may be made practically thesame at the periphery of the tunnel as at the center, since the cuttingheads should preferably revolve at a higher rate of speed .than the mainhead. This does away with the problem of'dead centers and overcomes `thenecessity ior too rapid travel of the cutting tools at the, periphery ofthe cut. J 11' V The provision of the universal joint in connection withthe forward traveling support, permits the direction ofthe tunnel to bechanged while the machine is being operated; and the fluid pressurejacks may be used to change the direction of the machine, whether thesame be operating vertically, horizontally or obliquely.

Having described my invention, I cla-im:v

1. In a tunneling and excavating machine, a rotatable support, arotatable tunneling head, and means for rotatin one of said parts at avariable speed wit reference to 2. In a tunneling and excavatingmachine, a rotatable support, a rotatable tunneling head, and automaticmeans for rotating one of said parts at a variable speed with referenceto the other of said parts.

3. In a-tunneling and excavating machine, a revoluble support, arevoluble tool-carrying head carried by said support, the respectiveaxes of the support and head being out of alinement, means for rotatmgsaid su ort `and drivin means for revolvin said head about its pivotalaxisdriven by said rotating means.

4. In a tunneling and excavating machine, a revoluble support, a.revoluble tunneling head carried thereby, means for driving one of saidpart-s at a fixed speed and means for driving the other ofsaidparts at avariable speed with reference to the other of sairl parts. i

5. In avtunneling and excavating machine, a rotatable support, arotatable tunneling for advancing saic ing said head, two m unbers forslidablv supf porting said supporng means one of said.

members having a iniversal joint connection with said suppe rting means,means for holding one member stationary with respect to the Walls of theex cavation, and means-for varying the distance betweensaid members,said supporting means beingconstrained to move with said movable member,and means for laterally displac: ng one of said members to effectl achange in the angular disposition of the head.

8. In a tunnelin g .and excavating machine, a tunneling head, asupporting member, means for holding said member stationary with respectto the walls of the excavation, a second member, means for shift-4 ingthe position of said second member with respect t'othe first member,adriving shaft bers aforesaid and constrained to' move with said movablemember, one of said members y having a universal joint connection withsaid driving shaft, 2nd means for displacing one of said ,members toeffect a'ehange in the angular disposition of the head with respect tothe other of said members.

9. In a tunnelir g and excavating ma chine, a tool-carryi1g head,driving mechanism for said head, means for advancing said'head towardzhe material into which the tools are being driven, said meanscomprising a plurality if supporting structures, means for displacingone of said structures wit respect to another, jacks carried by saidstructures each comprising a screw-open ated, guide-carrying member anda iiuid pressure operated p art, the iiuid pressure operated partscarried by'one structure lock ing said structure a gainst movement, andthe screw operated members directing the advance of said structureswhere not locked.

10. In a 'tunnelf ng and excavating machine, aplurality of tool-carryingheads, ro-

carried by the resjiective heads, and means heads toward the material tobe cut by tb a tools.

.11.A a. 'tunneling and 'excavatin machine, a plurality of'tool-carryinghea. s, ro-

' tatable abouta common axis, spindles upon which s al'd' 'heads'aremounted :posed along 'said axis, an cqualizing device -pivtall connectedto said spindle and said-j a part dlschine, a' liollows in part anadapted'to equalize the pressure 'eierted by the tools carried by ytherespectlife 1 heads, and means for a'dvancn said heads toward-thematerial to becut y the tools. 12. In a tunneling'x and excavating male,a rotatable tunnelj-ing headfcarried y said spindle, said head havingmeans for mounting Huid-pressure- Y plying fluid under a rotatab emember, the axis of rotation'o which is coincident with that of 'thesupport, said member having an aperture thereinradiating outwardly fromthe "'cen'ter portion thereof vtoward said. hollow spindle, saidaperture opening into said holow spindle, and condilits leading fromsaid 1 spindlefto said'tools.

.13. In a tunneling and excavating ma- 'I chine, a tool-carryingtunneling head, mechanism for continuously driving said head, saidmechanism comprising means for equal- -izing the strain upon the tools,and appli- 'ences for varying the direction of the cut whilecontinuously operating the machine.

14. In a tunneling and excavating machine, a to'olfcarrying tunnelinghead, mechanism for continuously driving said head,

said mechanism comprising means for equalizm'g the strain upon thedriving tools, ap-

'. pliances for varying the direction of the cut while continuouslyoperating the machine,

and apparatus for removing the muck.

15. In a tunneling and excavating machine, a plurality of rotatabletool-carrying heads, each head carrying a plurality of tools androtatable about its own axis and about anaxis common to all of theheads,and cooperating parts for holding one of said heads in anadvancedposition and another of said heads in retracted position.

16. In' a tunneling and excavating machine, a revoluble support, arotatable tunneling head eccentrically mounted thereon,

means lfor continuously rotating one of said parte and means fordifferentially driving the other of sa-id parts with respect tothe firstmentioned part.

17.'In a tunneling and excavating lnachine, a revoluble support, arotatable tunneling headY eccentrically mounted thereon,

planetary drive for operating one of lsaid parts and automatic means forchanging thel speed of said drive with respect to that of said support.

.19. In a tunneling and excaijating machine, a revoluble support, arotatable tunneling head eccentrically mounted thereon, a planetarydrive for oerating one of said parts and means for c anging the speed ofsaid drive with respect to that of the support while the machine is inoperation.

20.111 a tunneling and lexcavating machine, a revoluble support, arotatable tunneling head cccentricallymounted thereon, a planetary drivefor o erating one of said parts, and meansfor c anging the speed of oneof saidparts with respect to the other while the machine is inoperation.

21.1In a tunneling and excavating machine, a tool carrying head, drivinmechanism for' said head, meansfor a vancing said head toward thematerial into which the tools are being driven,'said means comprising aplurality of supporting structures, means for displacing o-ne of saidstructureswith respect to another, jacks carried by each ofsaidstructures each comprising an adjustable guide-carrying member andafluid pressure actuated locking part adapted to eli-- gage the wall ofthe tunnel, the locking parts carried by one structure locking saidstructure against movementA` and the guide-carrying members directingthe advancev of said structures when not locked.

In witness whereof, I subscribe Jmy signature, in the presence oftwowitnesses.

y OLIVER l). APP. Witnesses: WALDO M. CHAPIN, WILLIAM C. Laar.

